B.Sc. 3rd year final year 3rd chapter PDF 2025
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B.Sc./B.A./B.Com. final year
English language
Chapter-3
The Judgment-seat of
Vikramaditya
About the Author
Sister Nivedita was born on 28th October 1867. Her actual name was Margaret Elizabeth Nobel. She was an Irish lady and disciple of Swami Vivekanand. She opened a girls school in Baby Bazar area of Calcutta. She died on October 13, 1911 in Darjelling.
About the Lesson
Paragraph
1
English
(given):
King Vikramaditya, who ruled over Malwa 57 years before Christ was very much
loved among his people. As he was strong, true and gentle people worshipped
him. He was very popular for his justice and not only in his own kingdom but in
other kingdoms also. Whenever any king gives a right judgement, it is said that
he would have sat on Vikramaditya's seat while doing judgement.
Hindi Translation:
मालवा पर ईसा से 57 वर्ष पूर्व शासन करने वाले राजा विक्रमादित्य अपने प्रजा में बहुत प्रिय थे।
वे बलवान, सत्यप्रिय और दयालु थे, इसलिए लोग उनकी पूजा करते थे। वे अपने न्याय के लिए प्रसिद्ध थे। न केवल अपने
राज्य में बल्कि दूसरे राज्यों में भी। जब भी कोई राजा उचित न्याय करता, यह कहा जाता कि वह न्याय करते समय विक्रमादित्य की सिंहासन पर बैठा था।
Paragraph
2
English
(given):
Guilty trembles infront of Vikramaditya. They knew his eyes will penetrate in
to their guilt. His kingdom ended, he died but his fame for justice prevails
ever after. Some of the places and fortress of Ujjain fell in to ruin and sand
heaped over them. The shepherd boy used to play in those ruins.
Hindi Translation:
दोषी लोग विक्रमादित्य के
सामने काँपते थे। वे जानते थे कि उनकी नज़रें उनके अपराध को भेद देंगी। उनका राज्य
समाप्त हो गया, वे मर गए, परंतु न्याय की
उनकी ख्याति आज भी जीवित है। उज्जैन के कुछ स्थान और किले खंडहर हो गए और उन पर
रेत जम गई। उन खंडहरों में गड़रिये के लड़के खेला करते थे।
Paragraph
3
In India cattles (cows) are taken for grazing... He was sitting on a heaped tomb of sand.
Hindi Translation:
भारत में गाय-बैल को
चराने के लिए मैदानों में ले जाया जाता है और वे शाम को घर लौट आते हैं। उन्हें
जंगली जानवरों से बचाने और भटकने से रोकने के लिए परिवार के लगभग 14-15 वर्ष के लड़के साथ जाते हैं। जब मवेशी चरते रहते हैं, तब लड़के आपस में खेलते रहते हैं। एक बार मवेशी
उज्जैन के खंडहरों में चर रहे थे। लड़के पुराने खेलों से ऊब गए, तो उन्होंने नया खेल “न्याय और जनता” खेलने का निश्चय
किया। वे कुछ कहानियाँ बनाते, समस्याएँ गढ़ते और उन्हें
उस लड़के के पास ले जाते जिसेन्यायाधीश बनाया गया था। वह लड़का रेत के ढेर पर बने एक मकबरे पर बैठा था।
Paragraph 4
English
(given):
The boy heard all the cases and provided justice like an intelligent person.
Other friends were surprised by it. But they keep on bringing the cases to him
and he used to solve them. Gradually the news of this spread through the
countryside and grown up men and women from the village about that part would
bring their law suits to be decided in the court of the herd boys on the grass
and the green trees.
Hindi Translation:
वह लड़का सभी मामले सुनता
और बहुत बुद्धिमानी से न्याय करता। अन्य मित्र यह देखकर आश्चर्यचकित हो गए। फिर भी
वे लगातार उसके पास मामले लाते और वह उन्हें सुलझा देता। धीरे-धीरे इसकी खबर
गाँव-गाँव फैल गई और आसपास के गाँवों के बड़े-बुजुर्ग भी अपने विवाद लेकर उन चरवाहे
लड़कों की हरी घास और पेड़ों के नीचे बनी अदालत में आने लगे।
Paragraph
5
English
(given):
Thus the news reached up to the king of that kingdom and abruptly said, he
might have sat on the judgement seat of Vikramaditya. The king went curious and
asked, the labour to dig that heaped tomb by sitting over which, the boy
becomes intelligent. After getting dug he got the throne of Vikramaditya. It
was supported by hand and wings of angel stones. The king brought it with him.
He ordered his nation to do fasting and prayers for three days before his
seating on that throne.
Hindi Translation:
इस प्रकार यह खबर उस
राज्य के राजा तक पहुँच गई। राजा ने तुरंत कहा कि अवश्य ही वह लड़का विक्रमादित्य
की न्याय-आसन पर बैठा होगा। राजा उत्सुक हुआ और उसने मजदूरों को आदेश दिया कि उस
रेत के ढेर को खोदा जाए, जिस पर बैठकर लड़का
बुद्धिमान हो जाता है। खुदाई करने पर उन्हें विक्रमादित्य का सिंहासन मिला। यह
पत्थर के बने देवदूतों के हाथों और पंखों से सजा हुआ था। राजा उसे अपने साथ ले आया
और प्रजा को आदेश दिया कि वे तीन दिन उपवास और प्रार्थना करें, ताकि चौथे दिन वह उस सिंहासन पर बैठ सके।
Paragraph
6
English
(given):
The fourth day, the great morning arrived and crowd assembled to see the taking
of the seat. When the king was just about to sit down, one of the 25 stone
angel stopped him and asked him to evaluate or assess himself if he hadn't ever
thought of making others kingdom his own. If he hadn't done so, he is not
worthy of sitting on this throne. The angel asked him to have fast for 3 days
more and then to sit, and angel flew away.
Hindi Translation:
चौथे दिन, वह महान सुबह आई और भीड़ इकट्ठी हुई कि राजा को सिंहासन पर बैठते देखें। जैसे
ही राजा बैठने वाला था, 25 पत्थर के देवदूतों में से
एक ने उसे रोक लिया और कहा – “पहले अपने मन को परखो कि क्या तुमने कभी किसी और का
राज्य छीनने का विचार किया है? यदि किया है, तो तुम इस सिंहासन पर बैठने योग्य नहीं हो।” देवदूत ने कहा कि तुम और तीन दिन
उपवास करो और तब बैठना। यह कहकर वह उड़ गया।
Question and answer of the
Chapter-3
The Judgment-seat of Vikramaditya
Q.1
Summary of The Judgment-Seat of Vikramaditya
The
Judgment-Seat of Vikramaditya shows the greatness and justice of King Vikramaditya. After
his death, a mysterious throne appeared where his palace once stood. A simple
shepherd-boy could sit on it, but the ruling king could not. The story conveys
that only the most truthful and righteous person is worthy to sit on such a
divine seat.
Q.2 How
was the king prevented again and again from ascending the throne?
The king
was prevented because whenever he tried to sit on the throne, it rose into the
sky, carried away by divine beings. This repeated act showed that he was
unworthy of the seat.
Q.3 Why
is the “twilight” called the “hour of cowdust” in India?
In India,
twilight is called the “hour of cowdust” because cows and bullocks return from
the fields at that time. Their hooves raise clouds of dust, which is a familiar
sight in rural villages.
Q.4 Why
could the shepherd-boy sit on the Judgment-Seat of Vikramaditya and not the
king?
The
shepherd-boy was innocent, pure, and truthful, so he was worthy of the throne.
The king lacked these qualities, which made him unfit to sit on Vikramaditya’s
judgment-seat.
Q.5 Essay
– Animals and Their Importance in Indian Rural Life
Animals
are the backbone of Indian rural life. Bullocks plough the fields and help
farmers in cultivation. Cows provide milk, which is essential for nutrition and
livelihood. Buffaloes, goats, camels, and horses also serve in various ways,
such as providing dairy products and transportation. Animals are not just
helpers in farming, but also central to the rural economy and daily life.
Q.6
Imagine yourself as the king who wants to sit on the Judgment-Seat of
Vikramaditya. Describe in the first person.
I am the king. When I saw the divine throne, I longed to sit on it and prove my greatness. But as I stepped closer, the throne began to tremble. The moment I tried to climb on it, the seat rose high into the sky, beyond my reach. At that moment, I realized that I was not worthy of the Judgment-Seat of Vikramaditya.
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